Understanding of the literacy

Definition of literacy in WALTER 1. ONG, SJ:

litercy is imperious. It tends to arrogate to itself supreme power
by taking itself as normative for human expression and thought.
This is particularly true in high-technology cultures, which are built
on literacy of necessity and which encourage the impression that
literacy is an always to be expected and even natural state of affairs.
Most languages in the world today exist in com-
parable conditions. Those who think of the text as the paradigm of
all discourse need to face the fact that only the tiniest fraction of
languages have ever been written or ever will be. Most have dis-
appeared or are fast disappearing, untouched by textuality. Hard-
core textualism is snobbery, often hardly disguised.
Definition of literacy in James Paul Gee
a socially accepted association among ways of using language, of thinking, and of acting that can be used to identify oneself as a member of a socially meaningful group or a social network.Every act of speaking, writing, and behaving a linguist does as a linguist is meaningful only against the background of the whole social institution of linguistics and that institution is made up of concrete things like people, books and buildings; abstract things like bodies of knowledge, values, norms and beliefs; mixtures of concrete and abstract things like universities, journals and publishers, as well as a shared history and shared stories.

In my point of view, literacy just a symbol of different form of expression. Such as batman, it is a symbol. Everyone have their own interpretation of that. Gee and ONG have their own idea which support me some new angle of view to think of language which is compose up of culture, history, environment, social scale and gender.